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Strobilanthes reptans

(G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood (2011)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Acanthaceae Genus: Strobilanthes

red flame

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems procumbent, often rooting at the nodes, 3–8 dm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite and decussate (pairs of leaves alternating 90 degrees between nodes). Blades oblong–elliptic to narrowly ovate, 4–15 cm long, 1.6–4.3 cm wide. Base truncate or rounded. Surfaces moderately hispidulous, green to purple–tinged or dark purple, especially on lower surface. Margins crenulate. Petioles 0.5-8 cm, pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in racemes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), subtended by spatulate bracts 15–25 mm long, pedicels 6–7 mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes linear. Corolla of 5 petals, tubular, the lobes spreading. White, ca. 10 mm long. Stamens 4, in pairs, inserted on the corolla alternate with the lobes, sometimes 1 or more reduced to staminodes; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; ovule placentation axile; style filiform, simple.

Fruit: Capsules with two cells; narrowly ellipsoid; ca. 6–7 mm long. Seeds 6–12; On small hooked stalks (modified funiculus) that ejects the seeds from the capsule; embryos usually large; endosperm absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Naturalized in lawns.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (39)

Hemigraphis acaulis Bremek. (1948)
Hemigraphis batantensis Bremek. (1957)
Hemigraphis cardiophylla Quisumb. (1930)
Hemigraphis chamaedrys Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis diffusa Bremek. (1952)
Hemigraphis dorensis var. pilosibracteata Bremek. (1957)
Hemigraphis keiensis Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis lamiifolia Bremek. (1957)
Hemigraphis lanaensis Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis nemorosa (Zoll. & Moritzi) Boerl. (1899)
Hemigraphis oblongifolia Merr. (1916)
Hemigraphis pacifica Hosok. (1935)
Hemigraphis parabolica (Nees) Fern.-Vill. (1880)
Hemigraphis parvifolia Bremek. (1952)
Hemigraphis physalifolia Bremek. (1957)
Hemigraphis polillensis Bremek. (1952)
Hemigraphis primulifolia (Nees) Fern.-Vill. (1880)
Hemigraphis rapifera Hallier f. ex Koord. (1898)
Hemigraphis reptans (G.Forst.) T.Anderson ex Hemsl. (1885)
Hemigraphis reptans var. glaucescens Hallier f. (1897)
Hemigraphis reptans var. gracilis Hallier f. (1897)
Hemigraphis reptans var. primulifolia (Nees) Hallier f. (1897)
Hemigraphis robinsonii Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis saxicola Bremek. (1957)
Hemigraphis solomonensis Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis sorongensis Bremek. (1957)
Hemigraphis sublobata Elmer (1909)
Hemigraphis suborbicularis S.Moore (1920)
Hemigraphis tayabensis Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis undulata Bremek. (1942)
Hemigraphis villosa Bremek. (1944)
Hemigraphis waigeensis Bremek. (1957)
Ruellia humifusa Pers. (1806)
Ruellia nemorosa Zoll. & Moritzi (1845)
Ruellia parabolica Nees (1847)
Ruellia primulifolia Nees (1843)
Ruellia reptans G.Forst. (1786)
Strobilanthes primulifolia (Nees) Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood (2010)
Strobilanthes tawadana Ohwi (1936)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native range unknown, but originally described from Aru Island off the coast of New Guinea; in Hawai‘i a lawn weed.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. China 19: 390 (2011)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:171 (K, O, H [as Hemigraphis reptans); Oppenheimer et al. 1999:7 (EM); Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2002:1 (WM); Staples et al. 2002:3 (Mo); Staples & Herbst 2005:80 (KEY), 86 (DESCR); Wagner et al. 2005–(accessed Feb 2019; Syn. H. reptans)

Staples, G., & Herbst, D. R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press.

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood tantalus, 3759 round top dr (private land holding) Lawn at edge of ridgeline mesic-wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. j. ray 44 NY 9/1/1997
2 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood upper lawn makai, honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. spence 406 PH
3 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood W. Maui, Honokohau, lawn weed at Kap alua Resort. Elev. 80 ft. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80019 Maui PTBG 8/13/2000
4 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden. Elev . 0-50 ft. Disturbed area between Pandanus forest and lawn area around Pi'ilanihale Heiau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2440 Maui PTBG 10/15/1987
5 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui. Honolewa Stream. Near small waterfall along perennial stream. Alien dominated forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H101719 Maui PTBG 10/9/2017
6 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Foster Botanic Garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Joel Lau 1388 Oahu PTBG 9/4/1985
7 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Lawai. PTBG Visitor's Center. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1580 Kauai PTBG 3/3/1986
8 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden, Captain Cook PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Staples, G. W. 9286 Hawaii US 1/11/1991
9 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Foster Botanic Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1388 Oahu US 9/4/1985
10 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Honolulu, Coelho Way. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ning, W. S. s.n. Oahu US 5/17/1905
11 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Greenhouse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 1471 Oahu US 8/20/1977
12 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood honolulu, coelho way. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. ning s.n. Oahu US 8/8/1964
13 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood foster botanic garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. lau 1388 Oahu US 9/4/1985
14 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood greenhouse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 1471 Oahu US 8/20/1977
15 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Upper Lawn Makai, Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 406 Hawaii US 10/1/1976
16 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood amy b. h. greenwell ethnobotanical garden, captain cook PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. staples 9286 Hawaii US 1/11/1991
17 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood honolulu, foster botanic garden In a well-watered grass lawn, in partial shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1388 Oahu BISH 9/4/1985
18 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood lyon arboretum, honolulu. harrison area Very wet site. Semi-shady. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 85 Oahu BISH 4/25/1975
19 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui, Keanae, Hana Hwy., Ching's Pond. Wet lowland jungle opening with basalt boulders. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forest Starr Starr-090702-01 Maui PTBG 7/2/2009
20 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Honolulu: Manoa Valley; Lyon Arboretum; Hodge Podge area Used as ground cover under coffee trees and Caryota palms. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Teraoka, W. 7 Oahu BISH 4/17/1979
21 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Kalahu Point. PTBG Kahanu Garden. Elev . 0-50 ft. Disturbed area between Pandanus forest and lawn area around Pi'ilanihale Heiau. Disturbed area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2440 Maui PTBG 10/15/1987
22 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Honolulu, Foster Botanic Garden In a well-watered grass lawn, in partial shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1388 Oahu BISH 9/4/1985
23 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood North shore, Waiehu landshelf Growing in disturbed area with Pandanus, Alocasia, and Manihot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. s.n. Molokai BISH 9/8/1987
24 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. Harrison area Very wet site. Semi-shady. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 85 Oahu BISH 4/25/1975
25 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, between Pandanus forest and lawn area around Piilanihale Heiau Disturbed area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 2440 Maui BISH 10/15/1987
26 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Captain Cook; Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Gardens Abandoned coffee plantation at one side of Garden, growing in yard of house, in shade of white-flowered Calliandra bush. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9286 Hawaii BISH 1/11/1991
27 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui, Keanae, Hana Hwy., Ching's Pond Naturalized. Wet lowland jungle opening with basalt boulders (Ardisia elliptica, Hydrocotyle subthorpioides). Here and there in cracks in lava.l PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 090702-01 Maui BISH 7/2/2009
28 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui, 'Ulaino, along rocky banks of Haleleile Stream Disturbed Pandanus forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: 320 Maui BISH 6/22/1998
29 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood north shore, waiehu landshelf Growing in disturbed area with Pandanus, Alocasia, and Manihot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN anderson, s.j. collector number: s.n. Molokai BISH 9/8/1987
30 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood northern ko'olaus, kea'aulu stream. utm 605464, 2394468. Non-native dominated secondary forest. Growing with Psidium cattleianum, Fraxinus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kawelo, k. collector number: us army 345 Oahu BISH
31 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood honolulu: manoa valley; lyon arboretum; hodge podge area Used as ground cover under coffee trees and Caryota palms. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN teraoka, w. collector number: 7 Oahu BISH 4/17/1979
32 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui, 'Ulaino, along rocky banks of Haleleile Stream Disturbed Pandanus forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. 320 Maui BISH 6/22/1998
33 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Honolulu, 3759 Round Top Dr. lawn near edge of forest; with Axonopus fissifolius, Oxalis corniculata; wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ray, G. Gibney, E. Collector Number: 44 Oahu BISH 9/1/1997
34 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood honolulu, 3759 round top dr. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ray, g. gibney, e. collector number: 44 Oahu BISH 9/1/1997
35 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood w maui, lahaina district, lahaina town, wainehe st. between hale st. and dickenson st moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h109909 Oahu BISH 10/22/1999
36 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood East Maui, Hana District, Honolewa Stream. Locally common near small waterfall along perennial stream in alien dominated forest. Vegetation: Mangifera, Aleurites, Spathodea, Ardisia, Pisonia, Angiopteris PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H101719 Maui BISH 10/9/2017
37 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood east maui, hana district, kalahu point, ptbg kahanu garden, between pandanus forest and lawn area around piilanihale heiau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. tully, e. collector number: 2440 Oahu BISH 10/15/1987
38 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood lyon arboretum, honolulu. upper lawn makai Common weed growing throughout lawn areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 406 Oahu BISH 10/1/1976
39 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Coelho Way, Honolulu In garden and on lawns. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/17/1905
40 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood east maui, keanae, hana hwy., ching's pond Naturalized. Wet lowland jungle opening with basalt boulders (Ardisia elliptica, Hydrocotyle subthorpioides). Here and there in cracks in lava.l PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 090702-01 Maui BISH 7/2/2009
41 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Honolulu, 3759 Round Top Dr. lawn near edge of forest; with Axonopus fissifolius, Oxalis corniculata; wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ray, G. 44 Oahu BISH 9/1/1997
42 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood coelho way, honolulu In garden and on lawns. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/8/1964
43 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Northern Ko'olaus, Kea'aulu stream. UTM 605464, 2394468. Non-native dominated secondary forest. Growing with Psidium cattleianum, Fraxinus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kawelo, K. USARMY 345 Oahu BISH 4/10/2014
44 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Northern Ko'olaus, Kea'aulu stream. UTM 605464, 2394468. Non-native dominated secondary forest. Growing with Psidium cattleianum, Fraxinus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kawelo, K. Collector Number: US Army 345 Oahu BISH
45 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood W Maui, Lahaina District, Lahaina town, Wainehe St. between Hale ST. and Dickenson St Growing in lawn on both sides of sidewalk and lower part of adjacent rock wall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H109909 Maui BISH 10/22/1999
46 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood foster gardens, honolulu ohia, small stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN potter, c. miyashiro, y. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 11/27/1957
47 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. Upper Lawn Makai Common weed growing throughout lawn areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 406 Oahu BISH 10/1/1976
48 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Foster Gardens, Honolulu Ground cover. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Potter, C. s.n. Oahu BISH 11/27/1957
49 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood captain cook; amy b. h. greenwell ethnobotanical gardens Abandoned coffee plantation at one side of Garden, growing in yard of house, in shade of white-flowered Calliandra bush. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. staples iii, g.w. collector number: 9286 Hawaii BISH 1/11/1991
50 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood east maui, 'ulaino, along rocky banks of haleleile stream Disturbed Pandanus forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: 320 Maui BISH 6/22/1998
51 Strobilanthes reptans (G.Forst.) Moylan ex Y.F.Deng & J.R.I.Wood Tantalus, 3759 Round Top Dr (Private land holding) Lawn at edge of ridgeline mesic-wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN G. J. Ray 44 NY 9/1/1997
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